Saturday, December 28, 2019

Marketing Plan For Whole Foods Market Essay - 731 Words

Target Customers: Whole foods Market targets people who are more interested in consuming high quality organic foods and living a healthy lifestyle. They want natural and organic foods and are willing to pay higher prices for that. They live in urban areas and are comparatively wealthy. Whole foods Market provides a lot of options for them and a memorable consumer experience when they shop for food. It makes sure to attract these people. In addition to this, to target average consumers it has introduced 365 everyday value offering products at reduced prices. Fairway targets all the urban class people. Though it does offer organic foods, it doesn’t specialize in that niche. It doesn’t employ knowledgeable employees who can increase the sales of the organic foods it offers. Advertising: Whole Foods Market advertises itself as â€Å"America’s Healthiest Store† and has maintained that reputation for several years now. It also launched its first multichannel National Brand campaign with the slogan â€Å"Values Matter† to highlight the quality of their foods. To boost its advertising strategy, it collaborated with GSD M and placed its products in TV shows like â€Å"Modern Family† and during the World Series and NFL football too. In addition to this it runs ads in most of the Lifestyle, Food and Health magazines (paper and online). Also, product samples are displayed throughout their stores. Its social media strategy propagates across 6 different social platforms including Twitter, Facebook,Show MoreRelatedMarketing Plan For Whole Foods Market1587 Words   |  7 PagesCompany/Product Background For this Global Marketing Foreign Market Entry and Marketing Plan, we will be expanding the Whole Foods Market into Italy. Whole Foods Market is considered to be a higher end, more organic store with higher priced products than other markets in the United States. The motto of the brand is â€Å"America’s Healthiest Grocery Store† (Whole Foods Market History, 2016). They are concerned with what their customers are eating and overall health, so they offer so many products thatRead MoreMarketing Plan For Whole Foods Market1554 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction / History / Company Background Whole Foods Market first opened on September 20, 1980 in Austin, Texas, which is the company headquarters. The founders were John Mackey, Renee Lawson, Craig Weller, and Mark Skiles. These four business people decided that the natural food industry was ready for a supermarket format. The current CEO’s are John Mackey and Walter Robb IV (Whole Foods Market History, 2015). Whole Foods Market stock ticker symbol is WFM and their NACIS code is 445110 (WFM MorningstarRead MoreMarketing Plan For Whole Foods Market1401 Words   |  6 Pages1.0 Overview of the company: Whole Foods Market is a chain of organic, natural supermarkets found in USA, Canada and the UK. Initially founded in Austin, Texas in 1980, at a time when there were less than half a dozen natural supermarkets, the company saw rapid growth domestically through expanding across Texas and then into the West Coast of America. This was achieved through growth from the ground up and acquiring smaller natural food companies. Whole Foods Market in the present day is the resultRead MoreMarketing Plan For Whole Foods Market1040 Words   |  5 Pagesorganizations run more efficiently and effectively (Gray, n.d.). Whole Foods Market (WF) is the largest natural-foods grocer in the United States. In addition, they have stores in Canada and the United Kingdom (Cuenllas, 2013). They have annual sales over $14 billion and net profits over $500 million in 2014 (Amigobulls, 2015). The company got its start in 1978 by John Mackey and Rene Lawson Hardy when opening the doors to a natural foods store called SaferWay, in Austin, Texas. Two years later, theyRead MoreKudler Fine Foods Marketing Plan937 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Market research is all about collecting information to give Kudler Fine Foods insight into the minds of their consumers, understanding what they want and knowing what they think about Kudler’s products, service, and competitors. Having a marketing plan helps gain an understanding of the market trends and trends of the food and beverage industry. Kudler Fine Foods marketing plan will include strategic additions, such as the distribution plan and pricing and positioning of Kudler, asRead MoreFinal Marketing Plan1088 Words   |  5 PagesRunning head: MARKETING PLAN Marketing Plan: Acai-A-Vie Soft Drink Nancy Katz October 28, 2010 Week 6 Marketing Plan Acai-A-Vie soft drink is an organic berry fruit juice made into a soft drink. It is full of antioxidants and contains not only an exclusive blend of the powerful acai berry, but also contains nineteen other nutritious fruits. Each of these fruits provides the body with the antioxidants to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Whole Foods Market is a specialty organicRead MoreKudler Fine Foods1298 Words   |  6 PagesMarketing Kudler Fine Foods Angela Bush MKT/421 February 19, 2012 Judith C. Allen Marketing Kudler Fine Foods Kudler fine foods is a store that markets fine foods but needs to bring some focus toward expanding their goods to the public. Improving their business operations will increase store efficiencies and the demand of its customers at a higher volume of purchases. The growth of this organization is significant and growth will coincide with strategic marketing that will expandRead MoreMarketing Mix1544 Words   |  7 PagesThe term marketing mix was first used in the late 1940s by Neil H. Borden (NetMBA, 2007). The original marketing mix introduced by Borden consisted of product, planning, pricing, branding, distribution channels, personal selling, advertising, promotions, packaging, display, servicing, physical handling, and fact finding and analysis. Later E. Jerome McCarthy grouped the parts into the four P’s of marketing known as product, place, price and promotion (NetMBA, 2007). â€Å"A typical marketing mix includesRead MoreMarketing Research Mkt.4211054 Words   |  5 PagesMarketing Research In the area of marketing and research development it is important to understand what goes into the process. â€Å"Companies today recognize that they cannot appeal to all buyers in the marketplace or at least not to all buyers in the same way (Armstrong and Kotler, 2009)†. Every buyer has there own specific needs and buying practices, so it is important to try to reach them all. In this essay Kudler Fine Foods will be discussed, their marketing strategy and tactics, identifyingRead MoreThe Meal M8 s Objective1552 Words   |  7 Pagesfocused on an underserved market segment: Healthy meals for children that allow simple preparation and social engagement between parents and their children. To achieve this goal or strategic position emphasizes: †¢ An easily searchable database with recipes prepared by a professional chef †¢ Focus on ingredients and recipes that appeal to children yet are healthy †¢ Searchable database that allows for easy functionality in replacing ingredients †¢ Partnership with whole foods with a focus on â€Å"in season†

Thursday, December 19, 2019

Ethnic Nationalism Source Of Community Of Fear Essay

Ethnic Nationalism Source of Community of Fear Nationalism, according to the most widely accepted definitions of, is the doctrine that the state and the nation should be congruent. However, there is much more to add to the definition of nationalism today in connection to the ethnic and civil society. The definition of nationalism depends on its context. The typology of nationalism defines its strength and/or weakness of the relationship among the community in which it’s defined. While civil nationalism accepts people for who they are in the unique condition that they accept the country’s constitution, ethnic nationalism goes beyond and requires that the community should share a common culture which can be raced, ethnic group, language or religion. There are many explanations in resonating for why ethnic nationalism is an exclusive â€Å"National project† (according to Igatieff). Despite the urgency of this issue, Scholars have until recently not addressed the question of accommodation of communities regarding ethnic nationalism. This argument will contribute to this discussion, by looking at the link between conflicts and ethnic nationalism. The points presented in this argumentation will highlight the weaknesses of ethnic nationalism in modern states. The argument will articulate these weaknesses by first looking at the genealogical roots and the modernist origin of ethnic nationalism. Then it will sketch the relationship between mass media, narcissism, intolerance and theShow MoreRelatedNationalism And Democracy Are Intertwined Within The State1491 Words   |  6 PagesNationalism and democracy often are co-existent with each other at any time within the state. These interactions that they have with each other culminate in both benefits and problems for society, or sometimes produce a neutral reaction. This essay will explore these interactions that could either be beneficial, detrimental, or neutral in the ways that nationalism and democracy are intertwined within the state. The important notion that nationalism brings to democracy is the concept of conflictRead MoreEssay about Nationalism and Ethnic conflict 1444 Words   |  6 PagesAfter Suharto ended his long dictatorial reign in 1998 there was a substantial increase in religious and ethnic conflict in Indonesia. Author Jacques Bertrand claims religious and ethnic conflict defined Indonesia’s national model. This resulted in three critical junctures during Suharto’s retirement of his sovereign rule. The three critical junctures defined Indonesia’s â€Å"terms of citizenship, and give meaning to the structure and procedures of an institution† (Bertrand, 20). When Suharto left asRead MoreThe Public And Political Space Essay1514 Words   |  7 Pagesthough I would have preferred to get some ‘native’ perspective on the reasoning behind the controversy, I was unable to not find any academic sources in English or was unable to access them. This could be important since foreign academic can miss an integral part in the analysis whilst an author from Malaysia can add perspective of what happened on the ground. For instance, while reading Malaysian newspaper resources, an article cited how Herald has had previous clashes with the government aboutRead More Relations Between India and Pakistan1489 Words   |  6 PagesPakistan are influenced by numerous discordant factors. This essay will examine the primary antecedent, the Partition of India and its bifurcation into two states. In emphasising the collective trauma and fragile nationalisms that emerged, a connection will be established between the ensuing fear and distrust and its manifestation into policies and actions over the past six decades. Its ramifications will be considered in relation to each state’s security and regional ambitions, the Kashmir dispute andRead MoreIndian Partition And The Rise Of The Taliban Essay1623 Words   |  7 Pagesfactors, such as geographic location and political and religion ideologies. Inherently, the history of Partition and the rise of the Taliban can be attributed to the subcontinent’s diversity. The diverseness of South Asia has brought about a sense of nationalism for various ethnographic groups, which has transformed the subcontinent both positively and negatively. When exploring India/Pakistan Partition and the rise of the Taliban, the consequences has primarily been negative, especially for women who unequivocallyRead MoreQuebec s Strong National Identity Essay805 Words   |  4 Pagessovereignty. (â€Å"First Nations Weigh in on Quà ©bec Sovereignty Debate† 5). Strong advocates from First Nations communities have spoken against Quà ©bec separatism, as creating international borders would fragment First Nations people further than the Canada-American border already does. While the majority of First Nations people opposed Quà ©bec separatism, reflected in votes from First Nations communities in the 1995 referendum (96.3% Cree, and 96% Inuit of Nunavik voted â€Å"no†), they believe that Quà ©bec hasRead More Nationalism In The Global Village Essay2562 Words   |  11 Pagesreflect influences of neighboring cultures and other international trading partners. As these and many other factors work towards creating a global village many people are baffled by the increase in nationalism. Nationalism is a highly emotional phenomenon and as such is very unpredictable. Nationalism is far beyond its peak and the current rise is likely only an indicator of the transitional stage of globalization. GLOBAL VILLAGE nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Today it is common to here the termRead MoreThe Past, Canadian Identity, By Hugh Maclennan1486 Words   |  6 Pagesthat takes the reader through the problems that French Canadians faced living in Canada with the English. Much of the problems faced by the French can be translated into ones immigrants face today. Anthanese Tallard, a seigneur of the agricultural community represents the French tradition, Catholic. Once he introduces the non-Catholic John Yardley to the parish as the buyer of the Dansereau farm, he arouses latent hostility within the closed society; when he proposes building a small factory in associationRead Moreï » ¿To what extent is Nationalism inherently aggressive and expansionist?5481 Words   |  22 PagesTo what extent is Nationalism inherently aggressive and expansionist? Intro: It is difficult to define Nationalism as either inherently destructive or expansionist. It depends on the type of Nationalism and the circumstances in which is arises and how people use or abuse it as an ideology. Heywood defines four main breeds of Nationalism; Liberal Nationalism, Conservative Nationalism, Expansionist Nationalism, Anti and post colonial Nationalism. One of the types of nationalism which is more likelyRead MoreSerbia and Kosovo: From Myth to Genocide Essay2939 Words   |  12 Pagesinterconnected chain of events which began in the mid-1980s with the deepening of the conflict and the extremely strained relations between the two major ethnic groups in Kosovo: Albanians and Serbs. Kosovo was the most problematic region in the whole federation due to the large number of Albanian population in the province and the heterogeneous ethnic picture of the area. In parallel with that, after the fall of the Iron Curtain in 1989, voices for greater freedoms of the individual republics began

Wednesday, December 11, 2019

History of Vasai free essay sample

Todays Vasai-Virar area has rapidly changed and starting in the 1980s, the change is brought about by a large influx of people due to availability of more affordable housing than in Mumbai (Bombay). History of Vasai dates back to Puranic ages. The present day name of Vasai originates from Sanskrit, Sanskrit word waas meaning dwelling or residence. The name was changed to Basai by Muslims who occupied Vasai before the Portuguese. The Portuguese named it Bacaim. The Marathas renamed it Bajipur. The British named it Bassein and today it is called Vasai. The most significant past in Vasais history is the rein of the Portuguese, since they largely influenced or changed to what Vasai-Virar area is today. Historically, the entire region has attracted traders and merchants from Rome, Greece and Middle East. In 1295 AD the famous Marco Polo visited Thana/Vasai area. The Bassein region ruled by Portuguese in not just Bassein but included areas far away as Bombay, Thane, Kalyan and Chaul (Revdanda) (Chaul Fort Photo). It is located about 50 Kilometers North of Bombay, on the Arabian Sea, at approximately (19 °20N 72 °49E). Bassein, was important trading center, its sources of wealth and trade were horses, fish, salt, timber, stone quarry (basalt and granite) and shipbuilding. It was a significant trading center long before the Portuguese arrived. (Ancient Sopara was a important port in trade with the Arabs and Greeks, Romans and Persians. ). It was also a wealthy agricultural region with rice, betel nut, cotton, and sugar-cane as some of the crops. The Portuguese with their naval power and their crusading valor were unquestioned masters of the Indian Ocean. When the Portuguese arrived, Bassein was under the rule of Bahadur Shah, the Sultan of Gujarat. In 1530 Antonio de   Sylveria burnt the city of Bassein and continued the burning and looting to nearby Bombay, when the King of Thana surrendered islands of Mahim and Bombay. Subsequently, the towns of Thana, Bandora (Bandra Photo), Mahim (Mahim-Mumbai fort photo) and Mombaim (Bombay) were brought under Portuguese control. In 1531, Antonio de Saldahna while returning from Gujarat   to Goa, set fire to Bassein again to punish Bahadur Shah of Gujrat for not ceding Diu. In 1533 Diogo (Heytor) de Sylveira, burnt the entire sea coast from Bandora, Thana, city of Bassein and areas up to Surat. Diogo de Sylveira returned to Goa with 4000 slaves and spoils of pillaging. For the Portuguese, Diu was an important island to protect their trade, which they had to capture. While devising the means to capture Diu, Portuguese General Nuno da Cunha, found out that the governor of Diu was Malik Ayaz whose son Malik Tokan was fortifying Bassein with 14,000 men. Nano da Cunha saw this fortification as a threat. He assembled a fleet of 150 ships with 4000 men and sailed to Bassein. Upon seeing such a formidable naval power, Malik Tokan made overtures of peace to Nano da Cunha. The peace overtures were rejected. Malik Tokan had no option but to fight the Portuguese. The Portuguese landed north of the Bassein and invaded the fortification. Even though the Portuguese were numerically insignificant, they fought with skill and valor killing off most of the enemy soldiers but lost only a handful of their own. On 23 December 1534, the Sultan of Gujarat, signed a treaty with the Portuguese and ceded Bassein with its dependencies of Salsette, Mombaim (Bombay), Parel, Vadala, Siao (Sion), Vorli (Worli) (Worli fort photo), Mazagao (Mazgao), Thana, Bandra, Mahim, Caranja (Uran). In 1536, Nuno da Cunha appointed his brother-in-law   Garcia de Sa as the first Captain/Governor of Bassein. The first corner stone for the Fort was laid by Antonio Galvao. In 1548 the Governorship of Bassein was passed on to Jorge Cabral. Map of Vasai/Bacaim Fort In the second half of 16th century the Portuguese built a new fortress  enclosing a whole town with in the fort walls. The fort included 10 bastions, of these nine were named as: Cavallerio, Nossa Senhora dos Remedios, Reis Magos Santiago, Sao Goncalo, Madre de Deos, Sao Joao, Elefante, Sao Pedro, Sao Paulo and Sao Sebastiao, Sao Sebastiao was also called Potra Pia or pious door of Bassein. It was through this bastion that the Marathas would enter to defeat the Portuguese. There were two medieval gateways, one on seaside called Porta do Mar (Photo) with massive teak gates cased with iron spikes and the other one called Porta da Terra. There were ninety pieces of artillery, 27 of which were made of bronze and seventy mortars, 7 of these mortars were made of bronze. The port was defended by 21 gun boats each carrying 16 to 18 guns. This fort stands till today with the outer shell and ruins of churches. In 1548, St. Francisco Xavier stopped in Bassein, and a portion of the Bassein population was converted to Christianity. In Salsette island, the Portuguese built 9 churches: Nirmal (1557), Remedi (1557), Sandor (1566), Agashi (1568), Nandakhal (1573), Papdi (1574), Pali (1595), Manickpur (1606), Merces (1606). All these beautiful churches are still used by the Christian community of Vasai. In1573 alone  1600 people were baptized. Portuguese seal inside Vasai fort As Bassein prospered under the Portuguese, it came to be known as a Corte  do Norte or Court of the North,   it became a resort to fidalgos or noblemen and richest merchants of Portuguese India. Bassein became so famous that a great Portuguese man would be called Fidalgo ou Cavalheiro de Bacaim or Nobleman of Bassein. Bassein during the Portuguese period was known for the refinement and wealth and splendor of its buildings, palaces and for the beauty of its churches. This Northern Province, included a territory which extended as far as 100 kilometers along the coast, between Damao (Daman) and Mombaim (Bombay), and in some places extended for 30-50 kilometers inland. It was the most productive Indian area under Portuguese rule. From 1611, Bassein and the whole region under the Portuguese had a mint or Casa da Moeda. These old coins were found occasionally during digs and were locally called Firgi paisa. In 1618 Bassein suffered from a succession of disasters. First it was struck by a disease then on May 15, the city was struck by a deadly hurricane/cyclone. It caused considerable damage to the boats, houses and thousands of the coconut trees were uprooted and flattened. The winds pushed sea water into the city. The monasteries and convents of the Franciscans and Augustinians were ruined. The roofs on three largest churches in the city and both the house and the church of the Jesuits were ripped off and ruined almost beyond repair. This storm was followed by so complete a failure of rains which resulted in near famine conditions. In a few months the situation grew so precarious that parents were openly selling their children to Muslim brokers into slavery rather than to starve them to death. The practice was stopped by the Jesuits, partly by saving from their own scanty allowances partly by gifts from the rich. In 1634, Bassein numbered a population of 400 Portuguese families, 200 Christian Indians families and 1800 slaves (possibly from its African colonies). In 1674, Bassein had 2 colleges, 4 convents and 6 churches. At the end of 17th century Bassein reached the height of the prosperity. In 1675, Dr. Fryer who came to treat the daughter of the Captain of Bassein, Joao Mendes, reports that the Captaincy of Bassein was rotated between certain descendants of the conquerors of Bassein. In 1719, the province of Bassein numbered about 60,000 inhabitants, of these were 2,000 Portuguese and 58,000 Christian Indians. As the Portuguese power waned towards the end of the seventeenth century Bassein suffered considerably. In 1674, 600 Arab pirates from Muscat landed at Bassein. The fort garrison panicked and was too scared to oppose the pirates outside the fort walls. The pirates plundered all the churches outside of the fort walls and spared no violence and cruelty towards people of Bassein. In 1674, More Pundit stationed himself in Kalyan, and forced the Portuguese to pay him one-fourth of the Bassein revenues. Two years later Shivaji advanced near Saivan. The importance of Bassein was reduced by transfer of neighboring Bombay island to the British in 1665 (It was a wedding dowry from Catherine Braganza of Portugal to Charles the Second of England). The British had coveted and eyed Bombay for many years before it came into their possession under the terms of the marriage treaty. They had ventured to seize it by force in 1626 and had urged the Directors of the East India Company to purchase it in 1652. The Portuguese in India were however opposed to the cession of Bombay. They retained their hold upon the northern portion of the island, declaring that it was private property but after show of force by the British, Portuguese finally relinquished island of Bombay. The intolerance of the Portuguese to other religions seriously hindered the growth of Bassein or Bombay as a prosperous settlement. Their colonization efforts were not successful because they had gradually divided the lands into estates or fiefs, which were granted as rewards to deserving individuals or to religious orders on a system known as â€Å"aforamentoâ€Å" whereby the grantees were bound to furnish military aid to the king of Portugal or where military service was not deemed necessary, to pay a certain rent. The efficiency of the Portuguese administration was weakened by frequent transfers of officers, and by the practice of allowing the great nobles to remain at court and administer their provinces. They soon became a corrupt and luxurious society based upon slave labor. The cruelties of the Inquisition (from 1560) alienated the native population and the union of Portugal with Spain (1580) deprived the Indian settlements of care of the home government. The Portuguese trade monopoly with Europe could henceforth last only so long as no European rival came upon the scene. By 1736 the Portuguese had been at work for 4 years constructing the fortress of Thana, and aside from the long delays, the workers were unpaid and unfed. The people were tired of the oppression, finally invited the Marathas to take possession of the island of Salsette, preferring their rule to the oppression of the Portuguese. These were some of the factors that weakened Bassein and set stage for attack by Marathas. In 1720, one of the ports of Bassein, Kalyan, was conquered by the Marathas and in 1737, they took possession of Thane including all the forts in Salsette island and the forts of Parsica, Trangipara, Saibana (Present Saivan, south bank of the Tansa river), Ilha das Vaccas (Island of Arnala), Manora (Manor), Sabajo (Sambayo/Shabaz (near Belapur)   present day Belapur fort photo) the hills of Santa Cruz and Santa Maria. The only places in the Northern Provinces that now remained with the Portuguese were Chaul (Revdanda), Caranja, Bandra, Versova, Bassein, Mahim, Quelme (Kelve Photo1) -(Kelve/Mahim), Sirgao (Present day Shirgao Photo), Dahanu Sao Gens (Sanjan), Asserim (Asheri/Asherigad Photo1), Tarapor (Tarapur) and Daman. In November 1738, Marathas led by Chimaji Appa, captured the fort of Dahanu and on 20 January 1739, Mahim capitulated, the loss of Mahim, was speedily followed by the capture of the forts of Quelme -(Kelve/Mahim), Sirgao (present Shirgao), Tarapor (Present day Tarapur   Photo), and Asserim (Asheri/Asherigad Photo2) on 13 February 1739. On 28 March 1739 Portuguese lost the island and the fortress of Caranja. The Marathas first attacked lha das Vaccas (Island of Arnala) (Arnala Photo 1) before attacking the fort of Bassein. This was the prelude to final loss of the city. In February 1739, Chimaji Appa, the Maratha ruler Bajirao Peshwa’s younger brother, attacked Bassein. He first occupied the Versova, Dharavi and blockaded Bassein Creek. The Portuguese sought help from the British in Bombay but they instead sent ammunition and three of their gunners to assist the Marathas. The Marathas were encouraged when they managed to kill the brave Portuguese commandant, Sylveria de Menezes. They then laid 12 mines, two of which exploded causing a breach in the fort wall. When they mounted an assault on the fort, a third mine exploded killing hundreds of Maratha warriors. The Portuguese kept up their defenses by throwing hand grenades and throwing huge stones from mortars, causing havoc among the Marathas. The Marathas finally exploded more mines in the breached wall causing the tower of St. Sebastian to collapse. The Marathas secured a position in the fort from where the Portuguese could not longer defend the fort. The Marathas casualty was about 12,000 killed or wounded while the Portuguese casualty was about 800 killed or wounded, among those killed on the Portuguese side were General Martinho da Sylveira, General Pedro de Mello and Lt. -Colonel Joao Malhao. After a desperate resistance on 16 May 1739 the Portuguese signed surrender. The treaty of surrender stipulated that all the garrison would be allowed to march out of town with full honors of war. Those who wanted to leave had 8 days to take all their movable property and move out. The Portuguese lost eight cities, four chief ports, twenty fortress, two fortified hills, the island of Salsette with the city and the fortress of Thana, Ilha das Vaccas (Island of Arnala), the island of Caranja, and 340 villages. On 19th May 1739, Captain Caetano de Souza Pereira capitulated and handed over the Court of Bassein. They left Bassein on 23 May 1739. The churches and almost all the buildings from fortress were destroyed and looted by the Marathas. The church bells were paraded, carried off on elephant backs as victory souvenirs. One church bell was carried to and located at Naroshankar Temple on the banks of Godavari river in Nasik, Panchavati area. Another church bell is located at Bhimashankar Temple is located in the village of Bhorgiri, near Khed. Third church bell is located at  Meneswar temple in Menavali, near Panchgani. The Maratha ruler Madhavrao Peshwa offered free land grants to Hindus who would settle in Bassein and imposed a tax system to encourage purification/conversion of Christians back into Hinduism. Hindu Temple/Hanuman Mandir(? ) with Tower of Franciscan Church in the background 1750 AD Photo 1)   (Photo 2) After 205 years of uninterrupted Portuguese rule, Bassein was progressively neglected, and the neighboring English Bombay assumed importance in trade and commerce. Painting of Vasai Fort 1780, British Library The English and the Marathas tried not to clash with each other, however when the British heard of Portuguese expedition was being prepared for the recovery of Salsette and Bassein, the British Bombay Government seized that island in 1774. The British tried to negotiate the surrender of the fort but when negotiations failed, a British force was dispatched to take it by force. On December 28, 1774, the fort was stormed, and the greater part of the fort garrison was killed. When Narayan Rao became the fifth Peshwa in 1772, the atmosphere changed. He was killed by his uncle Raghunath Rao, which resulted in a conflict between the Marathas. Raghunath Rao asked the English for help, and they agreed and concluded the Treaty of Surat on March 7, 1775. This ended the neutral relationship between England and India. The English provided 2,500 men. On January 9 1779, they met the Maratha army and were defeated. This completey shattered the prestige of the British army. To retrieve this prestige, the Governor-General, Warren Hastings, decided to send a strong force under the command of Colonel Goddard. Goddard took possession of Ahmedabad on February 15 of 1780 and captured Bassein on December 11, 1780 after 12 days of seige. (Pencil drawing of Vasai/Bassein/Bacaim fort after capture by the British) In 1801 in Poona, Jaswant Rao Holkar rose in rebellion with a huge army and defeated the combined armies of Daulat Rao Sindhia and Peshwa Baji Rao II and captured the city of Poona. Peshwa Baji Rao took refuge in Bassein. The defeated Baji Rao had no hesitation in accepting the Subsidiary Alliance with the British and signed the Treaty of Bassein with East India Company on December 31, 1802. Bassein was renamed to Bajipura or Bajipur. This was restoration to the original name and not to be confused with the fact that  Peshwa Baji Rao had taken up residence in Bassein. The provisions of the treaty provided an English force of 6,000 to be permanently stationed with the Peshwa. In turn and for the maintenance of the army, districts yielding twenty six lakh rupees were given to the East India Company. The treaty restricted Peshwa from entering into any treaty or declare war without consulting the East India Company. The Peshwa also renounced his claim over Surat. On May 13, 1803 Baji Rao II was restored as Peshwa under the protection of the British. The treaty of Bassein eventually led to expansion and influence of the East India Company over the Indian subcontinent. In 1860 the Great Indian Peninsular (GIP) (present Central Railway) and the Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway (BB;CI) (present Western Railway) were started and a regular service of steamers on the west coast was commenced in 1869. These included railway stations of Naigaon, Bassein, Nalasopara and Virar. The Bassein creek was connected by a steel bridge called Cooley Bridge (Bhyander Bridge) (Vasai Fort as seen from Bhyander Bridge in 1850 Photo). In 1927 the first electric locomotives manufactured by Metropolitan Vickers of England were put into service up to Poona and Igatpuri on the GIP railway and later electric multiple rake commuter trains ran up to Virar on the BB;CI railway. Stamps issued in Portugal to commemorate 450th anniversary of founding of Portuguese Bacaim (Vasai) and Portuguese Mombaim (Bombay/Mumbai)

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

Editorial Analysis Essay Example For Students

Editorial Analysis Essay â€Å"We are all equal; it is not birth but virtue alone that makes the difference.† This insightful quote from the famous French philosopher and historian â€Å"Voltaire† seems to accurately represent the beliefs of the factions of American citizens pushing to allow women to fight in combat positions within the US Armed Forces. Though the topic has just recently been boosted into the media and congressional politics, it has been long debated. A rather current editorial from USA Today titled: â€Å"Open Combat Positions to Women† outlines the recent developments in the status of a much disputed and controversial issue facing the nation today. Though somewhat less in-depth than some opposing opinions, the USA Today article establishes credible and provoking arguments with specific evidence that incites some hesitation on behalf of the naysayers contradictory reports and dissents; all the while, creating a valid representation of the views offered by the supporters . In the article mentioned above, there are many components to the argument and evidence presented. As far as tone and stylistic approach, the author remains very serious, stern, and unyielding throughout and presents the opposing viewpoint as â€Å"clouded in fiction† and â€Å"removed from reality†. Though the opposition isn’t represented as ignorant, the author is very firm in their opinions and believes that anyone who disagrees is simply in denial or has some personal stake that would negatively affect them if women were to enter into combat in the armed forces. In the beginning of the USA Today editorial, two specific examples of women who have placed their lives on the line or been injured by participating in extremely dangerous missions are given. The author appeals to the reader’s emotions with these examples and gives accurate evidence of women who already risk their lives but don’t receive recognition for it. Statistics are also presented that evaluate the many women who have lost their lives and been injured while serving in the armed forces and participating in missions whose â€Å"main purpose wasn’t direct combat on the ground.† The author goes on to explain that while women are fighting and risking their lives on the battlefield, the government refuses to acknowledge their sacrifices and give them equal rights to serve their country. Also in the beginning of the editorial, the author refers back to the two women who fought on the front lines. Those women as well as two other servicewomen filed suit in attempt to overturn the law established in 1994 which states as follows: †Rule: Service members are eligible to be assigned to all positions for which they are qualified, except that women shall be excluded from assignment to units below the brigade level whose primary mission is to engage in direct combat on the ground, as defined below. Definition: Direct ground combat is engaging an enemy on the ground with individual or crew served weapons, while being exposed to hostile fire and to a high probability of direct physical contact with the hostile forces personnel. Direct combat take s place well forward on the battlefield while locating an closing with the enemy to defeat then by fire, maneuver or shock effect.† The author goes on to state that, despite what happens in court with the lawsuit filed by the four servicewomen, the issue should never have to go to court in order to be acted upon. The author seems to think that it is simply a matter of logical thinking. Some other supporting evidence in the editorial is the Author’s use of a Gallup Pole to prove that Americans no longer oppose the idea of women on the front lines. Also specific quotes are used from a well-know male armor officer who attests to women already risking their lives in the line of fire but not being recognized for it because the government has contorted the laws and definitions. At the end of the editorial, the author goes into some details about the physical requirements for those serving in combat positions, how the solution is simple, and how the armed forces should strive for equality and concludes that congress is taking small steps in the right direction. .uda73b74a8aa3fdcf594de08d797f9b19 , .uda73b74a8aa3fdcf594de08d797f9b19 .postImageUrl , .uda73b74a8aa3fdcf594de08d797f9b19 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uda73b74a8aa3fdcf594de08d797f9b19 , .uda73b74a8aa3fdcf594de08d797f9b19:hover , .uda73b74a8aa3fdcf594de08d797f9b19:visited , .uda73b74a8aa3fdcf594de08d797f9b19:active { border:0!important; } .uda73b74a8aa3fdcf594de08d797f9b19 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uda73b74a8aa3fdcf594de08d797f9b19 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uda73b74a8aa3fdcf594de08d797f9b19:active , .uda73b74a8aa3fdcf594de08d797f9b19:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uda73b74a8aa3fdcf594de08d797f9b19 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uda73b74a8aa3fdcf594de08d797f9b19 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uda73b74a8aa3fdcf594de08d797f9b19 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uda73b74a8aa3fdcf594de08d797f9b19 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uda73b74a8aa3fdcf594de08d797f9b19:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uda73b74a8aa3fdcf594de08d797f9b19 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uda73b74a8aa3fdcf594de08d797f9b19 .uda73b74a8aa3fdcf594de08d797f9b19-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uda73b74a8aa3fdcf594de08d797f9b19:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Content Analysis : Using Content Based On The Impressions Of A ReaderFrom an analytical point of view, the editorial from USA Today immediately established credibility with the first evidence and supporting examples. There is an abundance of evidence for the short two-page window that the author has to offer it. The author doesn’t use any jargon or political terms meant to confuse or mislead the reader. Also, the author does a very satisfactory job of explaining the facts surrounding the argument without being biased or one-sided. Though there is room for much improvement, overall the editorial is a firm and testable argument and serves its purpose well. As in most any written argument, the author wants to present their opinions in the most positive and factual light. Usually only supporting evidence is given for the reader to comprehend and digest. This includes: specific accounts with concurring viewpoints and validating examples. While the author will oftentimes address or evaluate the opposition, it would be counteractive to the whole foundation and motive of the argument to agree with, or present facts in favor of, the opposite side. The article previously discussed and critiqued mostly follows this schema. Though there are some hidden premises, the author does briefly address some of the opposing viewpoints. The editorial only very briefly mentions the opposing argument that: â€Å"a change in policy may cost lives† but offers no retort to the claim. Also, the fact that â€Å"†¦some infantrymen would be unable to take orders from a female combat leader†¦Ã¢â‚¬  is brought up and the author offers a seemingly simple solution to this complex counterargument. The final recognition of opposing opinion by the author is in the statement claiming: †Many of the objections trotted out by opponents simply dont hold up to scrutiny.† Again, the author fails to prove this statement with in-depth evidence and goes on to only address one specific â€Å"objection trotted out by opponents.† The issue featured in the USA Today editorial â€Å"Open Combat Jobs to Women† is difficult to resolve for many possible reasons. First, there are no previous precedents in the situation of women in the armed forces that can help legislation to predict the possible gain or loss they will receive. There doesn’t seem to be a way to calculate what the reaction will be to letting women serve in combat until legislation allows it. In reference to the lawsuit by the four servicewomen, the Supreme Court must also set a new precedent. As with any issue involving women’s rights or equal rights in general, the Constitution is always brought into discussion. Problems encountered in our society that call for an interpretation of the Constitution are often met with an incredible amount of hesitation, deliberation and conflict among citizens, social groups, minorities and legislators. USA Today’s Editorial creates a valid representation of the supporting viewpoints for women in combat positions while also establishing credibility with provoking arguments that incite hesitation for opposition. To review somewhat, although the author does an adequate job in arguing their point, there is some room for improvement both structurally and logistically. However, from a reader’s point of view, the editorial has a reasonably strong argument that at least provokes the reader to question their current beliefs and views on the topic discussed.